Drones, or unmanned air systems, are changing the face of war in the 21st century, for combatants and civilians. We are used to a history of the RAF based on a narrative of the 'bravery of the few' with fighter pilot missions in the Battle of Britain seeing a mortality rate of 20% and a staggeringly higher rate for ‘the many’ of Bomber Command (over 50% of aircrew died on operations). But in the UK over the last fifteen years, an increasing number of air missions have been carried out remotely by drone.
The tasks these drones can carry out include targeted assassinations, bombings and intelligence-gathering, and the forces that deploy them claim to minimise the loss of life on both sides. These drones still have operators, who can be based thousands of miles away from the field of battle, but in future they may not need operators at all. What does operating drones mean for the mental health of the operators? What does it mean for the concept of bravery in battle? How does distance affect the chances of operations going wrong? What are the ethical challenges of unmanned warfare today? And how much harder will those challenges become in a future era of autonomous drones? Ultimately, how are the risks and realities of unmanned air power changing those that fight, those who command them, and those they target?
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Dr Antrobus was elected to the Council of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 2019 and sits on the RAeS’s Learned Society Board and Air Power Group. She lectures in ethics, international relations and foreign policy with the University of Portsmouth and is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Exeter and a member of its Centre for Violence Studies.
She earned an MBE for her contribution to operations in Afghanistan, and has served in Iraq, Congo, and Afghanistan. Since leaving the RAF she has been awarded the CAS Commendation for her work on the Bomber Command Memorial and the Salmond Prize for the best air power essay of 2018. She is a regular contributor to television and radio news, and writes blogs and opinion pieces on defence issues for the press and academic outlets.
